Linux Centos6.5安装python3

1.准备编译环境(环境如果不对的话，可能遇到各种问题，比如wget无法下载https链接的文件)

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel  openssl-devel ncurses-devel

2.下载Python3.5代码包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.0/Python-3.5.0.tar.xz

3.编译

tar -zxvf Python-3.5.2.tgz
cd Python-3.5.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

4.设置环境变量

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

5.直接替换python2

rm -rf /usr/bin/python
ln -sv /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.5 /usr/bin/python
这样做的目的是在系统任意目录敲入python调用的是python3的命令，而非系统默认2.6.6的
但是这样同时这会导致依赖python2.6的yum不能使用，因此还要修改yum配置。

6.更新yum配置

ll /usr/bin | grep python
这时/usr/bin目录下面是包含以下几个文件的（ll |grep python）
其中有个python2.6，只需要指定yum配置的python指向这里即可

[root@VM-2-2 Python-3.5.2]# ll /usr/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root   root        24 6月   6 14:45 python -> /usr/local/bin/python3.5
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root   root         6 4月   5 10:12 python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root   root      4864 8月  18 2016 python2.6

vim /usr/bin/yum
通过vim修改yum的配置
#!/usr/bin/python改为#!/usr/bin/python2.6，保存退出。
完成了python3的安装。

7.安装setuptools包

wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-2.0.tar.gz

7.1.解压setuptools包

tar zxvf setuptools-2.0.tar.gz
cd setuptools-2.0

7.2.编译setuptools

python setup.py build

7.3.执行setuptools安装

python setup.py install

8.Linux上安装pip包管理器

8.1.下载压缩文件

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz

8.2.pip安装

tar -zxvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
cd pip-1.5.4
python setup.py install

Installing pip3.5 script to /usr/local/python3/bin
Installing pip3 script to /usr/local/python3/bin
Installing pip script to /usr/local/python3/bin

建立软链接

ln -sv /usr/local/python3/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

8.3.pip安装包

pip install SomePackage

pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ Flask-Script
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ Flask-SQLAlchemy
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ PyMySQL
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ openpyxl
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ numpy
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ mysqlclient
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ mysql-connector
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ matplotlib
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ lxml
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ nltk
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ scikit-learn
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ pandas
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ scipy
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ xlrd
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ xlwt
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ redis
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ request
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ gevent
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ MySQL-python
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ Crypto
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ babel
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ pillow
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ Cython
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ Bottleneck
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ wheel

8.4.pip查看已安装的包

pip show --files SomePackage

8.5.pip检查哪些包需要更新

pip list --outdated

8.6.更新pip

pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ -U pip

8.7.查看安装的包

pip list

8.8.安装过程中遇到的问题

[root@VM-2-2 ~]# pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ MySQL-python
Collecting MySQL-python
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/a5/e9/51b544da85a36a68debe7a7091f068d802fc515a3a202652828c73453cad/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 1.5MB/s 
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-w4528i7v/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 13, in <module>
        from setup_posix import get_config
      File "/tmp/pip-build-w4528i7v/MySQL-python/setup_posix.py", line 2, in <module>
        from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
    ImportError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-w4528i7v/MySQL-python/
# 解决方法
[root@VM-2-2 ~]# pip install --upgrade setuptools
[root@VM-2-2 ~]# pip install ez_setup
pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ unroll

pip install MySQL-python